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Course : Understanding a balance sheet and a profit and loss account

Understanding a balance sheet and a profit and loss account




Understand a company’s legal and fiscal obligations and know how to manage the main annual accounting exercises: balance sheet and profit and loss account. Learn about the classification of balance sheet items. Analyze the profit and loss account, calculate key ratios and intermediate management balances.


INTER
IN-HOUSE
CUSTOM

Practical course in person or remote class

Ref. BIL
  2d - 14h00
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Understand a company’s legal and fiscal obligations and know how to manage the main annual accounting exercises: balance sheet and profit and loss account. Learn about the classification of balance sheet items. Analyze the profit and loss account, calculate key ratios and intermediate management balances.



Intended audience
Anyone wishing to understand the annual accounts published by companies. Staff or employees from sales, procurement or credit management departments.

Prerequisites
No particular knowledge.

Course schedule

1
Elements of company law

  • Reporting requirements, communication and auditing of company accounts.
  • The different types of company.
Hands-on work
Case studyIdentify the legal and fiscal obligations relating to the filing of annual accounts for each legal form of business.

2
Reminder of the principles of general accounting

  • Accuracy, reliability, prudence and consistency.
  • The accounting standards.
  • The French accounting code.
  • The legal and fiscal obligations, ways of monitoring, the role of the auditors.
Hands-on work
Case study Understand the accounting chain.

3
Content of the annual accounts

  • The balance sheet.
  • The profit and loss account. The notes.

4
Reminder of the financial statements

  • Financial interpretation of the balance sheet items.
  • Analysis of the assets: investments, the quality of the client portfolio, inventories and cash reserves.
  • Analysis of liabilities: equity, dividend distribution policy and debt.
  • The profit and loss account. The notes and the tax return.
Hands-on work
Familiarize yourself with the main items on the balance sheet and understand how they are classified (their rationale in terms of resources and employment).

5
Analysis of capital: the balance sheet

  • Concept of financial equilibrium in the balance sheet, key ratios.
  • Understanding the structural balances.
  • Balance at the top and bottom of the balance sheet.
Hands-on work
Case study Analyze the financial balance with the help of the working balance sheet.

6
Analysis of activity: the profit and loss account

  • Analysis of the formation of the net income: ordinary operations, the financial result, exceptional events.
Hands-on work
Case study Identify the items relevant to the calculation of the key ratios.

7
Intermediate management balances

  • The trading margin
  • Value added.
  • Gross operating income.
  • Operating income.
  • Recurrent income and net income
Hands-on work
Case study Understand the mechanisms for the analysis of profitability or the identification of business risk.

8
Financial analysis ratios

  • The main ratios.
  • Their use in financial communication.
Hands-on work
Case study Understand the mechanisms for the diagnosis of solvency or the identification of illiquidity risk.